1. Strength of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha is fixed at 250, out of which, 238 are to be the representatives of the states and union territories (elected indirectly) and 12 are nominated by the president.
The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is fixed at 552. Out of this, 530 members are to be the representatives of the states, 20 members are to be the representatives of the union territories.
2. Who is appointed as an adhoc Judge of the Supreme Court?
A sitting Judge of a High Court duly qualified for appointment as a Supreme Court Judge. A judge ad hoc is a judge appointed by a special procedure for a specific project, case, or period only—as opposed to, and in contrast to, a regular judge, appointed through a regular procedure for a regular period of time. A court or tribunal without regular judges cannot, by definition, have ad hoc judges.
Article 127 of the Constitution of India provides for the appointment of an ad hoc(temporary) judge in the supreme court by the Chief Justice of India if there is a lack in quorum (minimum number) of the Permanent judges in Supreme court.
3. Which are the features of Indian Constitution?
The federal features of the Constitution of India are:
➢ Dual Polity: The Constitution establishes a dual polity consisting the Union at the Centre and the states at the periphery. (option 4 is not correct)
➢ Written Constitution: The Constitution is not only a written document but also the lengthiest Constitution of the world.
➢ Division of Powers: The Constitution divided the powers between the Centre and the states in terms of the Union List, State List and Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule.
➢ Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is the supreme (or the highest) law of the land. The laws enacted by the Centre and the states must conform to its provisions.
➢ Rigid Constitution: The division of powers established by the Constitution as well as the supremacy of the Constitution can be maintained only if the method of its amendment is rigid.
➢ Independent Judiciary: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court.
➢ Bicameralism: The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Rajya Sabha) and a Lower House (Lok Sabha) .
Constitution also possesses the following unitary or non-federal features:
➢ Strong Centre: The division of powers is in favour of the Centre and highly inequitable from the federal angle.
➢ States Not Indestructible: Unlike in other federations, the states in India have no right to territorial integrity. The Parliament can by unilateral action change the area, boundaries or name of any state. Moreover, it requires only a simple majority and not a special majority. Hence, the Indian Federation is “an indestructible Union of destructible states”.
➢ Single Constitution: Usually, in a federation, the states have the right to frame their own Constitution separate from that of the Centre.
➢ Flexibility of the Constitution: The process of constitutional amendment is less rigid than what is found in other federations.
➢ No Equality of State Representation: The states are given representation in the Rajya Sabha on the basis of population. Hence, the membership varies from 1 to 31.
➢ Emergency Provisions: The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies–national, state and financial.
➢ Single Citizenship: In spite of a dual polity, the Constitution of India, like that of Canada, adopted the system of single citizenship.
➢ Integrated Judiciary: The Indian Constitution has established an integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top and the state high courts below it.
➢ All-India Services: In India, the Centre and the states have their separate public services. But, in addition, there are all-India services(IAS, IPS, and IFS) which are common to both the Centre and the states.
➢ Integrated Audit Machinery: The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India audits the accounts of not only the Central government but also those of the states.
➢ Parliament’s Authority Over State List: Even in the limited sphere of authority allotted to them, the states do not have exclusive control. The Parliament is empowered to legislate on any subject of the State List if Rajya Sabha passes a resolution to that effect in the national interest.
➢ Appointment of Governor: The governor, who is the head of the state, is appointed by the President. He holds office during the pleasure of the President.
➢ Integrated Election Machinery: The Election Commission conducts elections not only to the Central legislature but also to the state legislatures.
➢ Veto Over State Bills: The governor is empowered to reserve certain types of bills passed by the state legislature for the consideration of the President.
4. Which of the following committees/commissions have given recommendations for improving the Centre-state relations?
All of the following committees/commissions have given recommendations for improving the Centre-state relations.
- Administrative Reforms Commission
- Rajamannar Committee
- Anandpur Sahib Resolution
- West Bengal Memorandum
- Sarkaria Commission
- Punchhi Commission
5. Who is the chairman of Inter-state council?
The Sarkaria Commission on Centre-State Relations (1983–88) made a strong case for the establishment of a permanent Inter-State Council under Article 263 of the Constitution. It recommended that in order to differentiate the Inter-State Council from other bodies established under the same Article 263, it must be called as the Inter-Governmental Council.
Inter-State Council was established in 1990.Inter-State Council consists of the following members:
(i) Prime minister as the Chairman
(ii) Chief ministers of all the states
(iii) Chief ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies
(iv) Administrators of union territories not having legislative assemblies
(v) Governors of States under President’s rule
(vi) Six Central cabinet ministers, including the home minister, to be nominated by the Prime Minister.
6. Who among the following officer is responsible for the conducting elections in the Parliamentary or assembly constituency concerned?
The Returning Officer of a Parliamentary or assembly constituency is responsible for the conduct of elections in the Parliamentary or assembly constituency concerned.
The Chief Electoral Officer of a state/ Union Territory is authorised to supervise the election work in the state/Union Territory subject to the overall superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission.
Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the Chief Electoral Officer, the District Election Officer supervises the election work of a district.
The Presiding Officer with the assistance of polling officers conducts the poll at a polling station.
7. Who among the following officer is responsible for the conducting elections in the Parliamentary or assembly constituency concerned?
The Returning Officer of a Parliamentary or assembly constituency is responsible for the conduct of elections in the Parliamentary or assembly constituency concerned.
The Chief Electoral Officer of a state/ Union Territory is authorised to supervise the election work in the state/Union Territory subject to the overall superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission.
Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the Chief Electoral Officer, the District Election Officer supervises the election work of a district.
The Presiding Officer with the assistance of polling officers conducts the poll at a polling station.
8. Who among the following has been appointed as new IMF chief?
Kristalina Georgieva appointed as new IMF chief
• Bulgarian economist Kristalina Georgieva has been selected as the new managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Ms Georgieva, who was previously chief executive of the World Bank,
becomes the first person from an emerging economy to lead the IMF.
9. The Provisions of election is enshrined in the constitution from:
Articles 324 to 329 in Part XV of the Constitution are the provisions with regard to the electoral system in our country.
10. Which of the following is not a National Party in India?
Samajwadi Party is a State party all other options are National Party.
National Party in India
1. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
2. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
3. Communist Party of India (CPI)
4. Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)
5. Indian National Congress (INC)
6. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
7. All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)
8. National People’s Party (NPP)
11. The various types of “financial bill” is used by Indian Constitution is mentioned in
Financial Bills:
Financial bills are those bills that deal with fiscal matters, that is, revenue or expenditure. However, the Constitution uses the term ‘financial bill’ in a technical sense. Financial bills are of three kinds:
1. Money bills–Article 110
2. Financial bills (I)–Article 117 (1)
3. Financial bills (II)–Article 117 (3)
This classification implies that money bills are simply a species of financial bills. Hence, all money bills are financial bills but all financial bills are not money bills. Only those financial bills are money bills which contain exclusively those matters which are mentioned in Article 110 of the Constitution. These are also certified by the Speaker of Lok Sabha as money bills. The financial bills (I) and (II), on the other hand, have been dealt with in Article 117 of the Constitution.
12. When the business of the session in state legislature is completed, then it is called ________.
Prorogation: The presiding officer (Speaker or Chairman) declares the House adjourned sine die, when the business of the session is completed. Within the next few days, the governor issues a notification for prorogation of the session.
Summoning: The governor from time to time summons each House of state legislature to meet. The maximum gap between the two sessions of state legislature cannot be more than six months, i.e., the state legislature should meet at least twice a year. A session of the state legislature consists of many sittings.
Adjournment: An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time which may be hours, days or weeks.
Dissolution: The legislative council, being a permanent house, is not subject to dissolution. Only the legislative assembly is subject to dissolution. Unlike a prorogation, a dissolution ends the very life of the existing House, and a new House is constituted after the general elections are held.
13. At Present, which of the following state is not covered by PESA Act?
PESA ACT OF 1996 (EXTENSION ACT)
The provisions of Part IX of the constitution relating to the Panchayats are not applicable to the Fifth Schedule areas. However, the Parliament may extend these provisions to such areas, subject to such exceptions and modifications as it may specify. Under this provision, the Parliament has enacted the “Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act”, 1996, popularly known as the PESA Act or the Extension Act. At present (2019), ten states have Fifth Schedule Areas. These are: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. All the ten states have enacted requisite compliance legislations by amending the respective Panchayati Raj Acts.
14. Which one of the following statements is not correct about tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court?
The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court. However, it makes the following three provisions in this regard:
1. He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years. Any question regarding his age is to be determined by such authority and in such manner as provided by Parliament.
2. He can resign his office by writing to the president.
3. He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of the Parliament.
15. The minimum strength of the council of state legislature is fixed at
Composition of Council (Strength)
Unlike the members of the legislative assembly, the members of the legislative council are indirectly elected. The maximum strength of the council is fixed at one-third of the total strength of the assembly and the minimum strength is fixed at 40. It means that the size of the council depends on the size of the assembly of the concerned state. This is done to ensure the predominance of the directly elected House (assembly) in the legislative affairs of the state. Though the Constitution has fixed the maximum and the minimum limits, the actual strength of a Council is fixed by Parliament.
16. Which of the following grants is authorized to meet an unexpected demand upon the resources of India?
Token Grant: It is granted when funds to meet the proposed expenditure on a new service can be made available by reappropriation. A demand for the grant of a token sum (of Re 1) is submitted to the vote of the Lok Sabha and if assented, funds are made available.
Exceptional Grant: It is granted for a special purpose and forms no part of the current service of any financial year.
Excess Grant: It is granted when money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service in the budget for that year. It is voted by the Lok Sabha after the financial year. Vote of Credit: It is granted for meeting an unexpected demand upon the resources of India, when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service, the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in a budget.
17. The appropriation bill is authorized to provide for the appropriation, out of the
The Constitution states that ‘no money shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of India except under appropriation made by law’. Accordingly, an appropriation bill is introduced to provide for the appropriation, out of the Consolidated Fund of India, all money required to meet:
(a) The grants voted by the Lok Sabha.
(b) The expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
Public Account of India is operated by executive action, that is, the payments from this account can be made without parliamentary appropriation. Such payments are mostly in the nature of banking transactions.
The Contingency Fund of India is held by the finance secretary on behalf of the president. Like the public account of India, it is also operated by executive action
18. How many states in India has bicameral legislature?
ORGANISATION OF STATE LEGISLATURE
There is no uniformity in the organisation of state legislatures. Most of the states have an unicameral system, while others have a bicameral system. At present (2019), only six states have two Houses (bicameral). These are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
19. 73rd amendment act of 1992 provides for the reservation of not less than ___________of the total number of seats for women (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging the SCs and STs).
Reservation of Seats under PRI:
The 73rd amendment act of 1992 provides for the reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in every panchayat (i.e., at all the three levels) in proportion of their population to the total population in the panchayat area. Further, the state legislature shall provide for the reservation of offices of chairperson in the panchayat at the village or any other level for the SCs and STs.
The act provides for the reservation of not less than one-third of the total number of seats for women (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging the SCs and STs). Further, not less
than one-third of the total number of offices of chairpersons in the panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women.
20. Parliament can legislate on matters in the State List
The Rajya Sabha has been given exclusive or special powers that are not enjoyed by the Lok Sabha. One of the special powers is that it can authorise the Parliament to make a law on a subject enumerated in the State List (Article 249).
According to Article 249 of Constitution of India, when a resolution is passed by the Rajya Sabha by two-thirds majority making it lawful for the Parliament to legislate on a subject mentioned in the State List in national interest.
21. The head of the criminal courts within the district is:
The District Judge is the highest judicial authority (civil and criminal) in the district since the enactment of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC). The criminal trials are conducted exclusively by Judicial Magistrates, except in Jammu & Kashmir and Nagaland, to which the Cr PC does not apply. The Chief Judicial Magistrate is the head of the criminal courts in a district. In metropolitan areas, there are Metropolitan Magistrates.
Q.23: The Pension of a High Court Judge is charged on the
➢ The pension of a high court judge is charged on the consolidated fund of India and not the state. Also, in case of common High Courts (for multiple States/UTs), the salaries and allowances are charged on the consolidated fund of the state in which the seat of the High Court is located.
➢ The salaries and allowances of the judges, the salaries, allowances and pensions of the staff as well as the administrative expenses of a high court are charged on the consolidated fund of the state. Thus, they are non-votable by the state legislature (though they can be discussed by it). It should be noted here that the pension of a high court judge is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and not the state.
➢ Consolidated Fund of India is the most important of all government accounts. Revenues received by the government and expenses made by it, excluding the exceptional items, are part of the Consolidated Fund.
➢ Salary and Allowances of the President, Speaker / Deputy speaker of Lok Sabha, Chairman/ Deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha, Salaries and Allowances of Supreme Court judges, Pensions of Supreme Court as well as High Court Judges, Salaries and Allowances of CAG, Lok Pal
Q.24: The “Panchayati Raj” concept was inspired from which part of the Indian constitution?
Article 40 of the Constitution which enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
Q.25: Ordinances issued by a State Governor are subject to the approval of the
These ordinances are submitted to the State Legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the State Legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.
Q.26: Who among the following is/are not appointed by a State Governor?
The Governor appoints Chief Minister and other Ministers. (Article 164). The Governor appoints the Advocate General for the State. (Article 165). A State Public Service Commission (SPSC) comprises of a chairman and other members appointed by the governor of the state. One half of the appointed members of the commission should have held office for at least ten years either under the government of India or under the government of a state.
High Court Judges are appointed by President. Thus, option (C) is incorrect.
Q.27: Who among the following has been appointed as new IAF Chief of India?
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Bhadauria takes charge as IAF Chief
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria on September 30 took charge as the 26th chief of the Indian Air Force. He succeeds Air Chief Marshal B.S. Dhanoa, who retired after 41 years of service in the IAF.
Q.28: Which of the following committee has recommended three tier structure of PRIs for first time?
Balwanth Rai Mehta Committee has recommended three tier structure of PRIs for first time. Balwanth Rai Mehta Committee
The committee was appointed by Planning Commission in 1957 to study the Community Development Programme and National Extension Scheme. The Committee submitted its report in November 1957 in which it identified lack of people’s participation as a main cause of failure of both programmes. The committee made the following recommendations:
➢ Three- tier structure for PRIs – Zilla Parishad, Mandal Parishad and Gram Panchayat. It was the first committee to propose a three-tier structure for PRIs.
➢ It proposed indirect elections for Zilla Parishad and Mandal Parishad and direct elections for Gram Panchayat.
➢ It recommended transfer of powers and responsibilities to these institutions and transfer of resources to discharge these responsibilities.
➢ It recommended that all social-economic development programs must be channelized through these institutions.
➢ It recommended tenure of five years.
Q.29: IBSF World Billiards Championship-2019 was won by
IBSF World Billiards Championship: India’s Pankaj Advani wins title.
The Bengaluru-based cueist Pankaj Advani increased his tally of world titles to 22 by winning a 4th straight final in the 150-up format at IBSF World Billiards Championship 2019 held in Mandalay, Myanmar. Pankaj Advani defeated Nay Thway Oo of Myanmar. IBSF World Billiards Championship: It is the premier, international, non-professional tournament for game of English billiards. It was established in 1951 however, the event has been sanctioned by International Billiards and Snooker Federation since 1973.
Q.30: The President of India is the
The President is the head of the Indian State. He is the first citizen of India and acts as the symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of the nation.(de-jure head)
The Prime Minister is the head of the government. (de-facto head)
Q.31: The President of India is elected through
The President is elected not directly by the people but by members of electoral college consisting of:
1. the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament;
2. the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states; and
3. the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
Q.32: Which one of the following qualifications is not the required for president’s election?
EXPLANATION:
A person to be eligible for election as President should fulfil the following qualifications:
1. He should be a citizen of India.
2. He should have completed 35 years of age.
3. He should be qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
4. He should not hold any office of profit under the Union government or any state government or any local authority or any other public authority. A sitting President or Vice-President of the Union, the
Governor of any state and a minister of the Union or any state is not deemed to hold any office of profit and hence qualified as a presidential candidate.
Q.33: Who among the following was the only president of India born in Odisha?
On 10th August 1894, Varahagiri Venkata Giri, the fourth President of India and one of the patriarchs of the country’s trade union movement was born in Berhampur, Odisha.
He was the fourth president of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974. He was the only president to be elected as an independent candidate.
Q.34: The Vice-President holds office for a term of:
The Vice-President holds office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. However, he can resign from his office at any time by addressing the resignation letter to the President. He can also be removed from the office before completion of his term.
Q.35: Who among the followings described Prime Minister of India as ‘primus inter pares’?
➢ Lord Morely described Prime Minister of India as ‘primus inter pares’ (first among equals) and ‘key stone of the cabinet arch’. He said, “The head of the cabinet is ‘primus inter pares’, and occupied a position which so long as it lasts, is one of exceptional and peculiar authority”.
➢ On the relationship between the Prime Minister and the cabinet, H.J. Laski said that the Prime Minister “is central to its formation, central to its life, and central to its death”. He described him as “the pivot around which the entire governmental machinery revolves.” ➢ Munro called Prime Minister as “the captain of the ship of the state”. ➢ Jennings: “He is, rather, a sun around which planets revolve. He is the keystone of the constitution. All roads in the constitution lead to the Prime Minister.
Q.36: Which of the following articles defined the word “Cabinet” in the constitution?
Cabinet was inserted in Article 352 of the Constitution in 1978 by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act. Thus, it did not find a place in the original text of the Constitution. Now also, Article 352 only defines the cabinet saying that it is ‘the council consisting of the prime minister and other ministers of cabinet rank appointed under Article 75’ and does not describe its powers and functions. In other words, its role in our politico-administrative system is based on the conventions of parliamentary government as developed in Britain.
Q.37: Which of the following functions were performed by Constituent assembly?
In addition to the making of the Constitution and enacting of ordinary laws, the Constituent Assembly also performed the following functions:
1. It ratified the India’s membership of the Commonwealth in May 1949.
2. It adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947.
3. It adopted the national anthem on January 24, 1950.
4. It adopted the national song on January 24, 1950.
5. It elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on January 24, 1950.
Constituent Assembly only enacted the ordinary provisions of Indian Constitution but not all provisions. Only after parliament came into being, all provisions subsequently enacted.
Q.38: Which one of the following statements is correct about money bill?
A money bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and that too on the recommendation of the president. Every such bill is considered to be a government bill and can be introduced only by a minister. The bill cannot be returned for reconsideration by the President. The bill requires speaker’s certification while transmitting to Rajya Sabha. The bill cannot be amended or rejected by the Rajya Sabha.
Q.39: How many subjects are enlisted in “State List”?
The 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the division of powers between the Union government and State governments. It is a part of 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution. The division of powers between Union and State is notified through three kinds of the list mentioned in the seventh schedule:
• Union List – List I (it originally had 97 subjects. Now, it has 100 subjects)
• State List – List II (It has 61 subjects. Earlier, it had 66 items.)
• Concurrent List – List III(it has 52 subjects enumerated under it)
42nd amendment Act 1976 shifted below mentioned five subjects from State list to Concurrent List:
• Education
• Forests
• Protection of wild animals and birds
• Weights and measures and
• Administration of justice, constitution and organisation of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Courts
Q.40: Who among the following has taken the charge of COSC Chairman?
COAS Gen Bipin Rawat takes charge as of COSC
Chief of Army Staff General Bipin Rawat takes charge as Chairman of Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC). He received the baton of Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) from outgoing Indian Air Force (IAF) Chief Air Chief Marshal (ACM) BS Dhanoa, who retires on 30 September 2019. The ACM BS Dhanoa was appointed as Chairman, COSC on 31 May 2019.
In the present set-up, the most senior Chief functions as Chairman COSC. Therefore, after Air Marshal RKS Bhadauria will take over as IAF Chief from outgoing ACM BS Dhanoa, Gen. Rawat will be the most senior Service Chief.
The Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) comprises chiefs of India Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force however, the senior most member is appointed its chairperson.
Q.41: First hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for
Question Hour: The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for this. During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers. The questions are of three kinds, namely, starred, unstarred and short notice. Zero Hour: Unlike the question hour, the zero hour is not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure. Thus, it is an informal device available to the members of the Parliament to raise matters without any prior notice. The zero hour starts immediately after the question hour and lasts until the agenda for the day (ie, regular business of the House) is taken up. In other words, the time gap between the question hour and the agenda is known as zero hour. Motion of Thanks: The first session after each general election and the first session of every fiscal year is addressed by the president. Point of Order: A member can raise a point of order when the proceedings of the House do not follow the normal rules of procedure. A point of order should relate to the interpretation or enforcement of the Rules of the House or such articles of the Constitution that regulate the business of the House and should raise a question that is within the cognizance of the Speaker. It is usually raised by an opposition member in order to control the government.
Q.42: Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about “Non-Confidence Motion”?
: No-Confidence Motion:
Article 75 of the Constitution says that the council of ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. It means that the ministry stays in office so long as it enjoys confidence of the majority of the members of the Lok Sabha. In other words, the Lok Sabha can remove the ministry from office by passing a no-confidence motion. The motion needs the support of 50 members to be admitted.
Q.43: Which of the following conditions doesn’t satisfy for holding a joint sitting of two houses?
Joint sitting is an extraordinary machinery provided by the Constitution to resolve a deadlock between the two Houses over the passage of a bill. A deadlock is deemed to have taken place under any one of the following three situations after a bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other House:
1. if the bill is rejected by the other House;
2. if the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the bill; or
3. if more than six months have elapsed from the date of the receipt of the bill by the other House without the bill being passed by it.
In the above three situations, the president can summon both the Houses to meet in a joint sitting for the purpose of deliberating and voting on the bill. It must be noted here that the provision of joint sitting is applicable to ordinary bills or financial bills only and not to money bills or Constitutional amendment bills. In the case of a money bill, the Lok Sabha has overriding powers, while a Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each House separately.
Q.44: Indonesia has decided to move its capital from Jakarta to__________.
Indonesia to move capital from Jakarta to Borneo Island
Indonesia's president announced Monday that the country's capital will move from overcrowded, sinking and polluted Jakarta to a site in sparsely populated East Kalimantan province on Borneo island, known for rainforests and orangutans.
Q.45: India’s first-ever helicopter summit held in:
India’s first-ever helicopter summit held in Dehradun
Union Ministry of Civil Aviation organized country's first ever helicopter summit at Sahastradhara helidrome in Dehradun, capital of Uttarakhand. The summit was based on theme of expanding connectivity through helicopters. The first-of-its-kind conclave, a Helicopter Summit- 2019 was organized jointly by Civil Aviation Ministry, Uttarakhand government and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries (FICCI).
Q.46: The parliament can amend the Constitution by
Based on the resolution, the Parliament makes an act for amending the Constitution to that effect. To sum up, the Parliament can amend the Constitution in three ways:
Q.47: Which of the following is an air-to-air indigenous missile tested successfully from Su-30 MKI recently?
Astra’ air-to-air missile successfully flight tested from Su-30 MKI
India's indigenously designed air-to-air missile Astra was successfully test-fired from the Bay of Bengal off the coast of Odisha today. The beyond-visual-range missile was launched from Sukhoi-30 MKI as a part of user trials. A defence official said as part of the trial, the live aerial target was engaged accurately demonstrating the capability of the first indigenous air-to-air missile. Various radars, electro-optical tracking system and sensors tracked the missile and confirmed its engagement with the target. Astra has been designed by the DRDO, the premier research and development organisation of the armed forces in the country. The Astra is capable of engaging targets of different ranges and altitudes including long-range as well as short-range targets.
Q.48: Government of India has decided to set up National Police University at:
Govt to set-up National Police University at Greater Noida
According to the statement issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government is all ready to setup the National Police University in Greater Noida. The new varsity has been proposed as a world-class multidisciplinary university that will help expand the horizons of policing sciences and related areas.
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) will be setting up a world-class National Police University (NPU) dedicated to advancement and dissemination of education, research and scholarships of the highest quality in the domain of policing science, forensic science, cyber forensics, criminology, criminal justice, risk management and related areas.
Q.49: The list of items which may be entrusted to the Panchayats is given in the:
The list of items which may be entrusted to the Panchayats is given in the Eleventh Schedule
The 11th Schedule of Indian Constitution was added in 1992 by the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act. This schedule contains 29 subjects. This schedule covers important topics such as Panchayat's powers, rural development, poverty alleviation, market, roads and drinking water etc.
Q.50: The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in:
The term PIL originated in the United States in the mid-1980s. Since the nineteenth century, various movements in that country had contributed to public interest law, which was part of the legal aid movement. The first legal aid office was established in New York in 1876.
Public interest litigation (PIL) refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati.
A new era of the PIL movement was heralded by Justice P.N. Bhagawati in the case of S.P. Gupta vs. Union of India since 1986.
